Saturday, February 22, 2020
Lead discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Lead discussion - Assignment Example On the other hand, the Euro-Americans benefited from the regions where the Indian- Americans left as they were pushed to the west. The whole scenario outraged the natives because the Euro-Americans saw them as inferior and they started to treat the environment in a way that the natives did not like. Moreover, Indian-Americans were persuaded to give land to Euro-Americans and US government at a low amount by signing a treaty. Therefore, ââ¬Å"The Chief Seattleââ¬â¢s of 1854 Orationâ⬠is a lamentation speech because the Indian-Americans were given a raw deal. The treaty led to scattering of Native Americans since they surrendered their land to the superior white race. This was believed to extinct most of the natives. Because of this, the chief Seattle tries to persuade the Americans to treat the natives with utmost respect because they were feeling the effects of harsh living conditions to places they were pushed. One is that the white chief does not need the friendships of the natives. This is elaborated in the quote, ââ¬Å"The white chief says that Big Chief at Washington sends us greetings of friendship and goodwill. This is kind of him for we know he has little need of our friendship in returnâ⬠. Relating some subjects with the main discussion was difficult and took me much time to know their meaning. For instance, ââ¬Å"Day and night cannot dwell togetherâ⬠was used to show disparity between natives and colonizers because they cannot stay
Thursday, February 6, 2020
SWOT analysis on UK business 'What competition does Bubbleology face Essay
SWOT analysis on UK business 'What competition does Bubbleology face in the Uk niche drinks market ' - Essay Example I analyzed and compared different sources as well as the website of the reference business to derive relevant information. My sources are relevant, up-to-date, authoritative, and efficient to address the competition that Novosco face in the UK cloud technologies, managed service, and consulting market. Findings Novosco Novosco is a company based in Belfast U.K (ULSTER Business 2013, p. 1), which deals with cloud technologies, managed service, and consulting services. The company has been in operation since 1994 and has recorded immense growth and success over the years (Novosco 2013, p. 1). As a result, the company has won major recognitions in its operations like the Cisco Datacenter Partner of the Year and EMC Partner of the Year in 2012 based on the volume and caliber of work delivered (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). Moreover, the company has been enjoying consistent and immense economic growth in the technology industry. In fact, Novosco received the Deloitte FAST50 award in 2012 for the 13th consecutive year for being the most successive technology company in revenue growth (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). The company manifests high level of technical ability where it investment in delivery and support staff (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Indeed, the company accommodates continuous training and certification in its operations with a view of gaining optimum expertise and receiving maximum accreditation on the technologies they recommend to their customers (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Novosco specializes with helping institutions to utilize the unique aspects of emerging technologies for purposes of addressing business challenges in a more efficient and cost-effective manner (Novosco 2013, p. 1). It provides unique consulting talent and technical support to organization seeking to maximize the advantages of their investment in information technologies. Notably, the company operates under managed service or strategic partnership contracts with its major clients to realize its objective s (Novosco 2013, p. 1). As such, it collaborates with the best hardware and software companies that deal with cloud technologies, managed service, and other technology applications. The company commits itself to offering help to their clients in the evaluation of all potential solutions that enables them to design and deliver cost-effective solutions (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Its main clients include universities, government departments, and UK and Ireland health trusts (Weir 2013, p. 1) with Belfast Health and Social Care Trust being its largest client (Gosling 2012, p. 1). Novosco Competition among Cloud Technologies, Managed Service, and Consulting Companies Novosco is the leading provider of managed services and cloud based infrastructure in U.K (Novosco 2013, p. 1). However, the company faces immense competition in different sectors including the winning of contracts. Novosco seeks to enroll its services to the wider market and its directors know that it will face stiff competition from established companies (WEIR 2013, p. 1) like AJUBEO and CDNETWORKS. The competition will be in the field of internet connectivity, supply of cloud computing, transfer of data, servicing
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Sexual Harrasment Essay Example for Free
Sexual Harrasment Essay He is trying to make her feel if she doesnââ¬â¢t continue the relationship with him it will cause a big problem and will spoil her name in society. He is forcing her to continue the relationship only with him. Linda offers sexual favors to her professor in order to get a passing grade. The professor agrees, and Linda receives a passing grade. Even though Linda offers sexual favors without professor compulsion, this is also a Sexual Harassment. Because, the professor is making use of Lindaââ¬â¢s need to get passing grade. It clearly shows that Linda will get only passing grade if she does the sexual favor. A demand or request for sexual favor to do anything is clearly a sexual harassment. Mary, a supervisor, asks her male employee, Stan, to join her for dinner so they have will some quiet time away from the office to go over his performance evaluation. We are not clear about the intention of Mary here. If Mary really asks Stan to join her for dinner to discuss his performance evaluation it is good. Even if she discuss about performance, if she force Stan to join her for dinner it is harassment. It seems like, if Stan joins her for dinner, then only she is willing to go over his performance evaluation. Bob, a supervisor, makes comments about on a regular basis to his secretary, Susan, about how she is dressed for the day. Comments about clothing, personal behavior, or a personââ¬â¢s body are also one form of Sexual harassment. Bobââ¬â¢s comments on Susanââ¬â¢s dress for the day are Verbal Sexual Harassment. A customer in a restaurant grabs the rear end of a waitress. She complains about the customer to the manager, who says, ââ¬Å"Ignore it, youââ¬â¢ll probably get bigger tip. Manager asking his waitress to ignore it for bigger tip is clearly the sexual harassment. Because, Manager is not willing to lose his customer on behalf of this and he is also encouraging these things to happen. Don posts pictures of scantily clothed women on his office walls. This is a more pervasive form of sexual harassment involving work conditions or behavior that make the work enviro nment hostile for the woman to be in. Display of pornography or sexist/obscene graffiti is an example of a hostile work environment. This is also one of the forms of Sexual Harassment.
Monday, January 20, 2020
Motivating Employees Essay -- Business Management
MOTIVATING YOUR EMPLOYEES Every human being needs motivation now and then. Incentives and recognition programs can support you in helping your employees become happier and more productive at work. As a leader, one of the main things to think about is how to recognize an employee for a performance that has exceeded expectations, objectives and goals. Therefore, I would like to introduce you in this paper to some ideas that hopefully would promote this method as one of the main priorities in today's and tomorrow's workplace. People want to do more than work as machines; they want to be productive as well as being recognized by others. Following the successful managers handbook, when employees have the opportunity to work with a leader who challenges, inspires and appreciates them, they are more likely to perform above their expectations. However, there are two different strategies when dealing with this matter that are necessary to identify before implementing these techniques. According to Philip Holmes, "although the two often seem interchangeable, recognition should not be confused with incentives. Recognition involves all the techniques that draw attention to employees who perform. Incentive programs generally use selective techniques to induce people to achieve a specific objective, such as increasing sales. Recognition can be spontaneous, even to the extent that there is no formal announcement that the organization has a recognition program. Incentives are designed to act as carrots, and they're publicized well in advance to whip up enthusiasm for winning a tangible reward". Turnover, absenteeism, and low productivity are some of the many reactions that an unmotivated worker might bring to the company. However, leaders ... ...ccording to the successful managers hand handbook, "people are the key to your organization's present and future success. Organizations compete for talent as well as for customers. Having a reputation as a desirable place to work helps organizations attract and retain top people. It is to your advantage to know the talent of your organization and to know what needs to be done to help each person develop, and understand the priority of a particular talent so you can meet your business goals". There are many methods to promote and expand employee motivation. The main goal to motivating your employees is to know them enough where as a leader you will know what motivates them, and as a result, you will create a motivation program based on those needs. I believe that employee satisfaction is the key to a successful workforce, and it will definitely help pay for itself.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Homosexuality and the American Baptist Church
Homosexuality in the Baptist Church: Homosexuality is one of the most debated issues among Christians today, regardless of the denomination of their church. Some churches view homosexuality as a sin and have no tolerance for it, while other denominations are more accepting and consider it a non-sin. Even though some denominations have taken a stand on homosexuality, there seems to much discord within the governing bodies of the churches regarding this issue. It has moved from a topic rarely discussed and considered very personal and private, to a mainstream topic of conversation.Although there has been a growing acceptance among certain Christian denominations regarding homosexuals, the American Baptist Church has remained firm in its position towards homosexuality. The American Baptist Churches descended from the Northern Baptist Convention that was founded in 1907. The church has approximately 1. 5 million members and 5800 congregations that are scattered through 34 regions of the United States. The American Baptist Church members are following the century long traditions of soul freedom, which allows the independence of individual members of the church to form their own beliefs.They also support congregational freedom, which allows each church the autonomy to develop its own policies. In order to understand the position that the American Baptist Church takes on homosexuality, it is important to examine their general religious beliefs. According to a website of the First Baptist Church in Scituate, MA , they believe that salvation and eternal life are granted to all those who trust in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. They believe that both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible are the divinely inspired word of God. The Bible is to be interpreted responsibly under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.Baptists hold the Scriptures and the Old and New Testaments as their final authority. This has become the basis for the viewpoint that the American Baptist Church ha s developed on the issue of homosexuality. The American Baptists also have some strong convictions about the type of person they are supposed to be. Again, according to the First Baptist Church website, these include a redeemed person that claims a personal relationship with God, a biblical person that seeks guidance in understanding the Scripture, and a worshipping person that shares an open and public confession of faith.American Baptists are also supposed to be a mission person that invites others to follow Christ and an inclusive person, who embraces different races, ethnicity, and genders, and also accepts that there are individual differences of conviction and theology. This inclusion also covers those who are from a variety of backgrounds and they are to find unity in diversity and diversity in unity. These convictions have become a source of division among some of the member churches within this denomination, as they are supposed to embrace and accept those with individual d ifferences, yet they are not accepting of homosexuals.According to the religious tolerance website, The American Baptist Church has been actively responding to issues pertaining to homosexuality as far back as 1987. In June of 1987, a statement of concern regarding homosexuality was defeated by church delegates at their Biennial Meeting. They decided that ââ¬Å"Scriptures repeatedly depict homosexuality as a social and moral evil and the unrepentant homosexual has no claim to full acceptance in the Christian community. â⬠So at that time, they decided that they just did not want to deal with the issue.Four years later, in June of 1991, the delegates of the Biennial Meeting were forced to deal with the topic of homosexuality again. They adopted a statement that rejected the homosexual lifestyle, homosexual marriage, ordination of homosexual clergy, and the establishment of gay churches and gay caucuses On the other hand, their statement also included that the church should love and minister to the homosexual, but condemn the sin of the practice of homosexuality. They were taking the stance of hate the sin, love the sinner.They also established a Commission on Human Sexuality Resources to provide clarification and guidance for a Christian understanding of Godââ¬â¢s gift of sexuality. By June of 1992 the General Board of the American Baptist Church was being pressured by some of their member churches to accept the practice of homosexuality within their denomination. A resolution called ââ¬Å"Homosexuality and the Churchâ⬠, which identified Gods plan for the fulfillment of sexual union to be one man and one woman in heterosexual, monogamous, and lifelong marriage, was narrowly defeated.The resolution further stated that ââ¬Å"the redeeming love of Christâ⬠is available to practicing homosexuals as it is to all who turn to him in faith and repentance. Then a few months later, in October 1992, the General Board was again approached and was force d to vote regarding the issues of homosexuality in their church. They finally agreed to issue a one sentence standing that was called ââ¬Å"American Baptist Resolution on Homosexualityâ⬠. The sentence briefly stated ââ¬Å"We affirm that the practice of homosexuality is incompatible with Christian teaching. This started the ball rolling and in June of 1993 the General Board next came up with another resolution that was called ââ¬Å"American Baptist Resolution Calling for Dialogue on Human Sexualityâ⬠. That resolution states ââ¬Å"that there exists a variety of understandings throughout our denomination on issues of human sexuality such as homosexualityâ⬠and encourages discussions regarding those particular issues. American Baptists were also encouraged to seek unity and avoid divisiveness.This resolution might as well have stated ââ¬Å"there exists a variety of misunderstandingsâ⬠and even though it encouraged discussions, their viewpoint was already establi shed. 1995 was an important year for the American Baptist Churches and their stand on homosexuals. In June 1995, the Granville Baptist Church in Granville, Ohio was expelled from the The Columbus Baptist Association because the church supported full participation of homosexuals. Then in September, the Pacific Southwest Region of the American Baptist Churches, which represented more the 300 churches, began defecting over the issue of homosexuality.The leaders of the region cited underlying issues regarding interpretation of the Scriptures and church discipline. As a result of the defection, The General Board of the American Baptist Churches created a commission ââ¬Å"to find ways to deal constructively with issues around which there has been considerable disagreement. â⬠In other words, they realized that the homosexuality issue was starting to destroy their denomination and they needed to get serious about resolving the problems.After various resolutions, committees, and amend ments over the next ten years, The General Board of the American Baptist Churches finally made some decisions in 2005. At that time they voted to amend their own document ââ¬Å"We Are American Baptistsâ⬠by adding a statement to the section ââ¬Å"A Biblical People: Who submit to the teaching of Scripture that Godââ¬â¢s design for sexual intimacy places it within the context of marriage between one man and one woman, and acknowledge that the practice of homosexuality is incompatible with Biblical teaching. This represents their final stand on homosexuality, which is that they believe it is wrong and is not in line with the teachings of their church. Although every denomination believes in the Bible as their ââ¬Å"guiding lightâ⬠, they all interpret it in a different way and can put their own spin on different passages. The American Baptist Church relies on their interpretation of the Bible to support the position that they have taken on homosexuality. There are passag es in the Bible that are known as the ââ¬Å"clobber passagesâ⬠, because they are used to beat up homosexuals.Leviticus 18:22, 20:13 is a typical passage that is thought to support the anti-gay stance. It states ââ¬Å"You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abominationâ⬠(Leviticus 18:22). There is also an important passage in the New Testament that condemns homosexual behavior. ââ¬Å"Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the degrading of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator.Their women exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural, and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their own error. â⬠(Romans 1:24-27). However, later on there is a passa ge about judging others, so therefore you should prepare to be judged ââ¬â so it is really a contradiction to think that the passage is condemning homosexuals. The arguments that support homosexuality within Christianity are widespread.They include the fact that we are all Godââ¬â¢s children and he created us the way he wanted. So if he made some people homosexual, then that was his choice and it should be accepted. The Bible does not really give any straightforward help in guiding Christians regarding the entire problem of homosexuality. It is up to each person to develop their own opinion based upon their knowledge, experiences, and influences of their chosen religion. The ongoing problem between homosexuality and Christianity will probably be around for a long time. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [ 1 ]. American Baptist Churches in the USA.Accessed October 14. http. //religioustoleran ce. org_abc1. htm [ 2 ]. American Baptist Beliefs. Accessed October 14. http://firstbaptistcituate. com/americanbaptistbeliefs. aspx [ 3 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 4 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 5 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 6 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. ttp://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 7 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 8 ]. Moll,, Rob. 2005. ââ¬Å"American Baptist Exodusâ⬠. Christianity Today. November 23, 2005 [ 9 ]. American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http://abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 [ 10 ]. Hays, Richard. 1991. ââ¬Å"Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodiesâ⬠. Sojourners. November 11. P 17-21 [ 11 ]. Hays, Richard. 1991. ââ¬Å"Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodiesâ⬠. Sojourners. November 11. P 17-21
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Product Placement Thesis - 10662 Words
A study of the effectiveness of the use of leisure entertainment as an advertising tool in marketing strategy CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION The introduction will contain a brief background on the chosen research topic, problem statement upon which the research questions have being built. It will further give an insight into the scope, objectives, purpose and significance of the research. 1.1 BACKGROUND Rotfeld (2006), suggested that avoidance of mass media advertising has become easier for target audience as it is considered to be time for breaks such as; snacks time, refreshing time, toilet and other activities. Invention of technologies in recent years have also worsened and deepened the difficulty inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The research questions shall serve as guide in the entire research exercise. * RQ1 Does the communication process in the use of leisure entertainment better eliminate Noise? * RQ2 Do adverts from leisure entertainment such as product placement drive audience to take action as expected by sponsors? * RQ3 Do adverts from leisure entertainment enhance the product knowledge and value in consumers? 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The objectives of this research are given below; * Provision of better understanding on the use of alternative media strategies in todayââ¬â¢s marketing strategy building. * To investigate and identify the advantages of the use of leisure entertainment as a mass communication media tool as compared to the traditional tool. * Better understanding on how sponsors adopt the use of leisure entertainment as a marketing strategy. * To identify ways through which leisure entertainment can be used as a technique to overcome noise problem in communication process. 1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION * SCOPE As a result of limited time in producing an extensive research, the researcher will focus his investigation on target audience; little attention will be given to the views of sponsors of adverts. In terms of types of leisure entertainment, the researcher will base this research on Television entertainment alone; with particular focus on ââ¬Å"product placementâ⬠. * DELIMITATION This researchShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay : The Essay782 Words à |à 4 Pagestime. 4.3.2 Examples The natural perspectives of Sabi find themselves in daily artifacts and pottery. The warmth and emotion of artisans integrates with their products through natural materials, hence making every piece a unique embodiment of different emotional attachment. The users of could also detect the inner emotion on touch of the products and a connection was created. The Japanese phrase ââ¬Å"Ã§Ë ±Ã§ â¬Ã¢â¬ ï ¼Ëai chakuï ¼â°is an explanation on love or attachment created by artifacts, where ââ¬Å"Ã§Ë ±Ã¢â¬ means love and ââ¬Å"ç â¬Ã¢â¬ Read MoreMy First Day Of English 1011104 Words à |à 5 Pagesthereââ¬â¢s a clear thesis statement. The thesis statement followed by a well written essay is how to properly write an essay. It gives a road map of what to follow by and took the stress off of me when it came time to constructing my essays. In high school I was never taught to make an outline to follow as I wrote, I just began my essay and when the road block appeared I wo uld worry about the issue then. I never really knew a first draft was only half of the essay with a clear thesis statement. IRead MoreReview on the Effectiveness of Brand/Product Placement in Films and a Comparison Between Brand Placements in Hollywood and Bollywood Films3226 Words à |à 13 Pageson The Effectiveness of Brand/product Placement in Films and A Comparison between Brand Placements in Hollywood and Bollywood films Pulidindi Venugopal, Avinash Inuganti, P. Harsha Vardhan, Vedika Kashyap Abstract: The advertisements of products/brands in televisions are experiencing skipping of channel and the marketers finding it difficult to promote their brands or products, effectively. So the marketers are now finding new media to promote their products/brands. One of those media isRead MoreMarketing Research Topics1249 Words à |à 5 PagesImportant Topics for Projects in Marketing Selection of research topic is the basic and important part of research report, thesis or dissertation. It requires a lot of energy, resources and time to choose an appropriate topic for the research. There are numerous factors which need to be taken into consideration before final selection of the research topic. For example a research topic should neither be too broad nor should be too narrow. Similarly, the topic should be researchable, interestingRead MoreKey Components Of Marketing Plan For Godiva Gems923 Words à |à 4 Pagessegment strategy ââ¬â it focuses on single segment with one product concept, whereby a company target many market segments with offers specially designed for each segment. Therefore, can be costly due to separate segments. 3. Multi-segment strategy - it targets on a different product concept at each of a number of segments here a company may require a lot of resources. Positioning Positioning is concerned with how the customers perceive the products and how it is defined by the customer in order to maximizeRead MoreIs Welfare Possible for Marx Under the Capitalist Mode of Production1388 Words à |à 6 Pageshelp invites difficult questions. As if Przeworski (1980) has argued, working-class consent is assured on the basis of material hegemony, that is, self-willed subordination to the system, it is difficult to see why up to 40 percent of the national product must be allocated to the legitimating activities of a welfare state. A second problem is to derive state activities from a ââ¬Ëmode of productionââ¬â¢ analysis.à Eastern Europe may perhaps not qualify as socialist, but neither is it capitalist. Yet thereRead More2.09 writing and effective concusion1669 Words à |à 7 Pagesads arenââ¬â¢t ethical because they will create a problem or insecurity and then give the solution to that problem in the form of their product. Teens will listen to other teens in ads. http://www.utalkmarketing.com/pages/article.aspx?articleid=14465title=teens-will-listen-to-other-teens-in-ads Central Idea: The most effective ads show teens using and enjoying a product. The least effective were those that caused an emotional response. A teenââ¬â¢s acceptance of ads varies according to the media platformRead MoreLogistics: Management and Supply Chain1566 Words à |à 7 PagesBlock 2 Year 3 Block 3 Block 4 IBMLM108R1 Principles of Logistics Semester 3 Year 2 Semester 2 Placement IBMLM208R1 Advanced Logistics Semester 4 IBMLM308R2 Applied Logistics Projects Junior Enterprise Semester 6 Block 3 Block 4 IBMLM12R3 Logistics Management Semester 7 Year 4 3 Semester 8 Minor Program Logistics Thesis Course organization Logistics Semester 1 Semester 2 MIRBSLM114OP Operations Block1 MIRBSLM114PL Read MoreMarketing Food for Children: Healthy Food Versus Junk Food1115 Words à |à 5 PagesIdeas for topic: Thought for food. Healthy food versus Junk food We are what we eat! Fast food eto eda dlya vreda! Topic: (lets think of nice topic, if this is not good) Marketing food for children: Healthy food versus Junk Food Thesis: The marketing of junk food to children is harmful and should be restricted because children lackà of ability to independentlyà makeà informed and practicalà nutrition decisions that lead to sound long-term eating habits. Nowadays children are growing upRead MoreThe Surveillance Of Consumers By Retail Anthropologists1310 Words à |à 6 Pagessurveillance of consumers by retail anthropologists is manipulative and unethical. Although it can be manipulative, it is ethical. If you haven t done anything wrong, you have nothing to fearâ⬠(Wu, Chung, Yamat, Richman). Thesis: Although some claim that retail anthropologistsââ¬â¢ placement of surveillance cameras for consumers while shopping is manipulative, it is not in fact unethical because their actions are meant for the benefit of the consumers, the benefit of the producers, and most importantly, shoppers
Friday, December 27, 2019
Female Stereotypes Portrayed In Disney Movies - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1636 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Stereotypes Essay Did you like this example? Recently, the Disney princess line has taken criticism for promoting passiveness, and the damsel-in-distress characterization; basically, endorsing female stereotypes (Coyne, Linder, Rasmussen, Nelson, Birbeck, 2016). This is important because if parents were aware of the gender stereotypes that Disney may portray in their films, they could essentially limit the gender stereotype exposure to children at a young age. Research has found that many different stereotypes have continued to be present in Disney films over the years despite a few occurrences of more positive representation (Haddock, Lund, Tanner, Towbin, Zimmerman, 2004). Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Female Stereotypes Portrayed In Disney Movies" essay for you Create order While research has highlighted this fact, not enough research has been done to change the association Disney has with these gender stereotypes (England, Descartes, Collier-Meek). Disney has been seen to have an amplified gender world view, where male and female characters show their significant differences (Hoerrner, 1996). The top 20 Disney films according to IMDb that we have rated are as follows: The Lion King (1994), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Zootopia (), Aladdin (1992), Tangled (2010), Big Hero 6 (2014), Mulan (1998), The Little Mermaid (1989), Moana (2016), Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), The Jungle Book (1967), Robin Hood (1973), Frozen (2013), Pinocchio (1940), Alice in Wonderland (1951), The Emperors New Groove (2000), Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959), Bambi (1942), and Peter Pan (1953). These Disney films are especially important in regard to the information children can learn from watching them. If a child watches enough media throughout the day and multiple times during the week, there may be a possibility that gender stereotypes are being exposed. Previous research shows that engagement with Disney princess media/products, the female gendered stereotypical behavior was much more prevalent than amongst those without it (Coyne., et al, 2016). After taking this previous research into consideration, we can see that these films can play an important role in a childs learning about gender and can have a negative impact when it comes to the older films and child development. In our study, we plan to show whether female gender stereotyping has changed over the years throughout the most popular Disney movies. This is extremely important due to the fact that most children in present time gain their knowledge through media, which is having a significant impact on development. In the present study, we specifically have researched the degree to which female main characters conform to gender stereotypes in newer Disney movies more frequently than in older Disney movies. We hypothesized that older movies have shown less female main characters, and these female main characters act more stereotypical in their gender roles as well. Method For our content analysis, we chose to use the top twenty Disney films as determined by IMDb ratings. These films ranged from the years of 1937 to 2016. Each researcher in our group reviewed each film. Each of the main female Disney characters were identified by the gender pronouns (she, her, herself, etc.) used in context. After we identified each female main character, we used a Likert-type scale to rate how conforming (or not conforming) they were to our specified gender stereotype characteristics. There were two dependent variables in this study. The first dependent variable was when each movie was premiered. We reviewed the top 20 Disney films between the years of 1937-2016, in order to get a good range of popular old and new films. The second dependent variable was the ratings that each chosen Disney female main character was given by every one of our researchers independently. Main characters were identified as female when the characters were referred to with female pronouns, or whether they referred to themselves with female pronouns. The ratings we used consisted of assigning a number, 1 through 5, that best fits that character in terms of conforming to female gender stereotypes. Our group has translated the scale as the following: 1 = conforming, 2 = slightly conforming, 3 = neutral, 4 = slightly non-conforming, 5 = non-conforming. We agreed that the characteristics of conforming female gender stereotypes include characteristics such as: damsel in distress, caring, emoti onal, easily scared, etc. Each researcher then rated each of them with the scale explained above. Independently, each researcher decided who the female main characters were and rated them according to their roles in the films. The ratings consisted of assigning a number, 1 through 5, that best fits that character in terms of conforming to female gender stereotypes. For example, a character was rated a 1 if they showed signs of being physically weak, submissive, passive, etc. On the other hand, a character was rated a 5 if they showed signs of being physically strong, courageous, independent, etc. A 3 was often assigned for female main characters who were both conforming yet non-conforming at the same time (showing signs of both). Results Our research group ran a correlational analysis in order to see if there was a significance between the year the movies were released and the rating averages between each of us. The correlation between the year the Disney movies were released, and our rating averages were not significant, r (17) = .291, p = .258. Our analysis mean of all movies and ratings were reported as 3.1, and the standard deviation was 1.34. To put in other words, on average, the female main characters in the Disney films were about neutral (not conforming, yet not nonconforming) in terms of conforming to stereotypes. What this means is that there was no significant relationship between the year of the movie and how stereotypical the main Disney female characters portrayed their gender roles over time. In other words, since the correlation wasnt significant, we could get results that look like this at random too frequently for our liking. Also, when going through the list of Disney films and deciding which female main character we would rate, we had to take out the films that had no female main characters at all. This way we would only be analyzing just the females and not the males. It is worth mentioning that we, as a group of researchers, had great interrater reliability between all of our scores. The results of the Cronbachs Alpha were .929, which means that we all tended to agree with each other on how stereotypical each female character was. Gender messages in Disney movies have become less obviously prescriptive (Haddock., et al, 2004). Although gender messages have become less obviously prescriptive, they still remain, as we have seen in our results. Discussion The goal of this study was to identify how the female characters are portrayed in regard to gendered stereotypes in selected Disney movies over time. We predicted that older movies portrayed female characters more stereotypically and had fewer female main characters than in newer Disney movies. Contrary to our hypothesis, the rest of our results did not support our hypothesis. There was no significance difference between the year the Disney films were released and each female main character rating. Therefore, we concluded that Disney female main characters are not portrayed as less gender stereotypical over the years. In a different study based on princess stereotype roles, the results suggest that the princesscharacters do not all show traditional female gender stereotypes, and these stereotypes are not consistent (England., et al, 2011). These researchers of this different study show that after doing their content coding analysis, they found that all of the Disney movies show some sort of gender stereotypes one way or another (England., et al, 2011). Unlike the results from this similar study, in which all female main characters gender roles being slightly less conforming as time progresses, our results have shown that these female main character gender roles were not more or less conforming over time. We believe that the reasons for our results not matching our hypothesis has to do with our limitations. For example, one limitation on our study would be the sample size. We have such a small sample of Disney movies, and maybe our results would have been significant if we had a larger selection of Disney movies to rate. Another limitation would be flipping a coin to choose which female main character we were going to rate. If the coin would have landed on, for instance, a princess instead of a witch, we may have been able to achieve more significant results as well due to different ratings. Also, some of the moviesthat had to be taken out due to no female main characters could have affected our results, leaving us with an even smaller sample size. We also could have taken into account these certain films, and how they may play a part in our hypothesis, instead of just taking them out of the ratings completely. The last limitation would be the way each one of us individuals saw a cert ain character separately. If we all used the same scale to rate these characters, but saw the characters in different ways, this would have made our analysis biased. Some future directions our research group could possibly look into would be looking at not just the female main characters, but the male main characters and gender stereotypes as well. Choosing and rating the male main characters in Disney movies might have allowed us to compare the females to in regard to stereotypes, perhaps supporting our hypothesis. We wish that we could have looked into a bigger sample for Disney films, so we could have way more characters to rate across many different years. Future researchers should be more objective and more deliberate on which Disney movies are selected. Some of the more popular Disney movies in more recent years may be the ones which have less conforming gender-stereotype characters, whereas popular Disney movies in earlier years may have more conforming gender-stereotype characters. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that there is no evidence of Disney becoming more or less stereotypical in their female main characters. It appears as if Disney was not progressive in its stereotypical portrayal over the years of 1937-2016. Therefore, it is still not clear if Disney is willing to change their representations of female gender stereotypes from damsels-in-distress to more outgoing, adventurous, and courageous women.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)